Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Frusemide finds its use for the treatment of liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, edema, and kidney impairment. It binds to the chloride transport channel and inhibits luminal Na-K-Cl cotransporter of the loop of Henle. With the biological half life of about 100 minutes, this medicine gets metabolized in liver & kidney by glucuronidation. It may also be prescribed for treating high blood pressure condition.

Aceclofenac is used in the formulation of drugs required for rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, & spondylitis. It is known for its pain relieving & anti-inflammatory properties. This chemical is a type of non- anti inflammatory drug having molecular formula C16H13Cl2NO4 and mass of 353.021 g/mol. It works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase which is involved in the production of prostaglandins resulting in swelling & fever.

Adapalene finds its application in the treatment of mild to moderate acne, keratosis pilaris, and other skin related problems. It is most commonly utilized in the formulation of creams that are applied to the diseased area. This chemical also has the ability to reduce wrinkles, and it works by inhibiting keratinocyte differentiation. It has the formula C28H28O3 and molecular mass of 412.52 g/mol. As compared to other drugs, this compound is more chemically stable.

The chemical formula of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride is C32H40ClNO4 and the IUPAC name is 2-[4-[1-hydroxy-4-[4-[hydroxy(diphenyl)methyl] phenyl]-2-methylpropanoic acid; hydrochloride. It is a carboxylated metabolic derivative of and has antihistaminic activity. It performs its function by completely binding to the peripheral receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and bronchial smooth muscle thereby preventing binding of histamine to the receptors. The drug is also utilized in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, angioedema, and chronic urticaria.

Albuterol Sulphate is used in the formulation of inhaling drugs prescribed for improper breathing conditions, generally due to inflammation of bronchial tubes. It is highly appreciated for providing quick relief to the patient. This medicine belongs to the bronchodilators class of drugs. Its mode of action is in the airway, where it opens the breathing passage and relaxes muscles. This drug is found to be effective during asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Acenocoumarol is a type of anticoagulant which works by inhibiting the reduction of vitamin K thus preventing the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues. It has chemical formula C19H15NO6 & molecular mass of 353.326 with melting point ranging from 196 to 199 degree Celsius. This medication is prescribed for the prevention & treatment of recurrent thromboembolic disorders. It is rapidly absorbed by GI tract and is found highly bound to serum proteins.

Alendronate Sodium is a medicine which is prescribed for the treatment of Pagets disease, which is a type of bone disorder. It works by reducing the loss of bones resulting in their great strength. This drug belongs to the class of bisphosphonates. It is also used for osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfect. This compound has molecular formula C4H13NO7P2 with molar mass of 249.097 g/mol. With the biological half life of 126 days, it is metabolized by the body and gets excreted from kidney.

Amlodipine Besylate is utilized for high blood pressure conditions to prevent the occurrence of stroke, kidney problems, and cardiovascular diseases. It is type of calcium channel blocker which also provides relief from chest pain. This drug is known to reduce the frequency of angina attacks. Its mode of action is by relaxing the vessels resulting in the smooth blood flow. This medicine is metabolized by liver and has great protein binding ability.

Amyl Meta Cresol is an antiseptic which is prescribed for the treatment of mouth & throat infections. It is a derivative of m-cresol having pentyl group at its sixth carbon atom. This chemical has molecular formula C12H18O with molar mass of 178.27 g/mol. It is soluble in water, oil, acetone, & ether. This compound is known to a low melting temperature of around 24 degrees whereas boiling temperature range of 137 to 139C.

Atenolol belongs to the beta blocker group of drugs that are used for the cardiovascular disease. It is a type of selective beta 1 receptor antagonist which works by reducing the workload of heart. This chemical finds its application for angina, hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, and ventricular tachycardia. It is known to have hydrophilic properties with molar mass of 266.336 g/mol and molecular formula C14H22N2O3.

Atorvastatin Calcium is a medicine which is consumed for lowering the bad cholesterol and fats including LDL and triglycerides. Its mode of action is by reducing the amount of cholesterol produced by the liver. This drug inhibits the HMG CoA reductase and also helps in increasing the high density lipid. It is prescribed for lowering the chances of stroke, heart attack, & cardiovascular diseases.

Artemether is an anti-malarial medicine prescribed for malaria caused by P.falciparum or P.vivax parasite. It is generally given by injection but oral drug is also available in combination with lumefantrine. This drug works by inhibiting the nutrient flow of parasites or by producing free radicals that attack the organisms responsible for the disease. It is known to have excellent protein binding capacity and is primarily metabolized by hepatic enzymes.

Artensunate is a type of prodrug which is prescribed by the doctors for malaria. It gets converted to its active form by hydrolysis of 4-carbon ester group with the help of plasma esterase. This compound has the chemical formula C19H28O8 and molecular mass of 384.421 g/mol. It can be given orally or administered by intravascular or intramuscular method depending upon its physical form.

Amodiaquine HCL has the chemical formula C20H24Cl3N3O and molecular mass of 428.783 g/mol. It is an anti-malaria drug which is most commonly recommended with artesunate to decrease the chances of resistance. This drug gets activated in the liver by converting to N-desethylamodiaquine with the help of cytochrome p450 enzyme CYP2C8. It is considered safe to be given during pregnancy. This compound is known to have similar structure & mode of action as of chloroquine.

Aripiprazole is a type of atypical antipsychotic drug given in the treatment of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. It has ligand dependent functional selectivity at the D2 receptor and works as silent antagonist. This medicine can also be utilized in combination with medication for depression. With the biological half life of about 75 hours, it gets excreted from kidney after metabolizing. This compound has molar mass of 448.385 g/mol with chemical formula C23H27Cl2N3O2.

Acriflavine Hcl is a type of topical antiseptic purely occurred as orange to brown colored powder. It works by inhibiting the viral & bacterial replication resulting in their death. This drug has the chemical formula C27H27Cl3N6 and molar mass of 541.90 g/mol. Derived from acridine, it is formulated by the combination of proflavin & acriflavin. The acriflavin also finds its application in biochemistry for labeling high molecular weight RNA fluorescently.

Ambroxol Hcl is consumed in the treatment of respiratory problems associated with excessive mucus. It is highly effective for all forms of tracheobronchitis, emphysema with bronchitis pneumoconiosis, and bronchospasm asthma. This drug works by breaking acid mucopolysaccharide fibers by making sputum thinner assuring its easy removal by coughing. Also known as secretolytic agent, it is known to restore the physiological clearance mechanism of respiratory tract.

Beclomethasone Dipropionate is a drug which is prescribed for the treatment of asthma symptoms. It is an anti-inflammatory synthetic corticosteroid, which can be used in aerosol form to treat allergic rhinitis. This medicine is also available as oral drug consumed in mild to moderate Crohns disease. Once it gets metabolized in the body, it is excreted by kidney and biliary system. This compound is also effective to prevent shortness of breath.

Benzydamine Hcl is a non- anti inflammatory drug having analgesic & anesthetic properties. It finds its application for several conditions including gingivitis, dental surgery, for canker sore on the lower lip, and for the treatment of soreness of tongue. This drug is known to provide synergistic effect with tetracyclines against antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain. It has biological half life of 13 hours with the chemical formula C19H23N3O and molar mass of 309.405 g/mol.

Betahistine Hcl is widely prescribed as a medication for the treatment of dizziness in Menieres disease. It is an anti-vertigo medicine having biological half life of about 3.5 hours with excretion in urine after metabolism in liver. This drug is consumed by mouth and has molecular formula C8H12N2 with mass of 136.194 g/mol. It works as a full antagonist for histamine H1 receptors of blood vessels in the inner ear, thus resulting in vasodilation and increased permeability.

Bisacodyl is utilized as a stimulant laxative for the treatment of constipation. It is an organic compound with the chemical formula C22H19NO4 and molecular mass 361.391 g/mol. It works by contracting colons which is a result of enteric nerves stimulation. This compound is also known to increase salt & fluid secretion. Metabolized in liver, it primarily gets excreted in feces and absorbed drug is excreted via urine.

Bisoprolol Fumarate is a medicine which is prescribed to treat hypertension in order to lower the blood pressure. It belongs to the class of beta blockers and works by blocking the action of epinephrine & other chemicals on heart & blood vessels. Also known as synthetic beta-1 selective adrenoreceptor blocking agent, it has an asymmetric carbon atom in its structure. This compound appears as a white crystalline powder with molecular weight of 766.97 g/mol.

Bromhexine Hcl is used in the treatment of respiratory problems characterized by cough & hard phlegm. It works by increasing the serous mucus production which helps in diluting the phlegm. This compound is known as a synthetic derivative of herbal active ingredient vasicine. It also possesses some antioxidant properties and has biological half life of 12 hours. Bromhexine has the chemical formula C14H20Br2N2 and molecular mass of 376.13 g/mol.

Budesonide finds its application for the symptoms of asthma, in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, and allergic rhinitis. According to its different formulations, it has different routes of administration including rectal, nasal, oral, or tracheal. This chemical is known to have about 85%-90% protein binding capacity with biological half life of about 2.0 to 3.6 hours. It is glucocorticoid receptors antagonist and depresses the polymorphonuclear leukocyte & fibroblast migration.

Betamethasone Acetate is prescribed for reducing inflammation, pain, & irritation. It is also known to mature lungs of infants and provide relief in breathing problems of newborns. This chemical compound has the formula C24H31FO6 and molecular formula 434.504 g/mol. It is a type of synthetic glucocorticoid ester. This compound is also available as injectable suspension. It works by controlling the rate of protein synthesis and reducing capillary permeability.

Betamethasone Dipropionate is a type of glucocorticoid that works by binding to a nuclear receptor which gets activated by ligand binding. It is utilized in the formulation of ointment, gel, or creams prescribed for providing relief from itching & eczema. This chemical has only topical route of administration with the formula C28H37FO7 and molar mass of 504.59 g/mol. Only a few drops of lotion is applied to the affected area by gentle massage.

Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate is a white colored odorless powder which possesses hygroscopic properties. It is used to provide relief from inflammation, pain, & irritation. This compound is completely soluble in water & methanol but insoluble in chloroform & acetone. It also finds its application in the treatment of dermatologic diseases, hematologic disorders, and several allergic conditions. This chemical has the formula C22H28FNa2O8P with the molar mass of 516.40 g/mol.

Betamethasone Valerate is used as an ointment for several skin related problems including eczema, dermatitis, rashes, & allergies. It has a topical use and is also known to provide relief from swelling, itching, & redness. This medicine belongs to the pharmacological class of glucocorticoid. It is a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist that has anti-inflammatory actions involving lipocortins and phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins. This compound also controls the biosynthesis of prostaglandins & leukotrienes.

Biperiden Hcl is a medication prescribed for the treatment of idiopathic, arteriosclerotic, and postencephalitic Parkinsonism. It is a type of muscarinic antagonist having effects for both central & peripheral nervous system. This drug can be administered orally, intravenous, or intramuscular. It belongs to the anticholinergic medication family having chemical formula C21H30CINO with molecular mass of 347.927 g/mol. This compound is also used to provide relief from extrapyramidal symptoms by reserpine & phenothiazine derivatives.

Benzyl Benzoate is known to highly effective treatment for human scabies. It also finds its application in the formulation of asthma & cough relieving drugs due to its vasodilating & spasmolytic properties. This drug can be produced by reacting sodium benzoate with benzyl alcohol in the presence of a base. It is known to have low melting point of 18C with high boiling point of 323 degree Celsius.

Calcium Dobesilate is most commonly prescribed by the doctor for venous disorders, diabetic retinopathy, & microvascular disorders. It works by enhancing the activity of nitric oxide synthase resulting in the increase of endothelial nitric oxide levels. This compound is also known to decreases the capillary permeability and inhibit platelet activation factor & enhance the release of tissue plasminogen activator. It a vasoprotective compound which is the calcium salt of dobesilic acid.

Calcium Levulinate is prescribed for various health conditions including electrolyte disbalance, hyperkalemia, cardiac arrest, & acute hypocalcemia. It has the chemical formula C10H16CaO7 and molar mass of 288.309 g/mol. This compound can donate 1 and can accept 7 hydrogen bonds. It appears as white crystalline or amorphous powder with a faint odor. With the melting point range of 119 to 125 degree Celsius, it is completely soluble in water and insoluble in ether.

Carvedilol is prescribed for heart related problems including left ventricular dysfunction, severe congestive heart failure, and high blood pressure situations. It belongs to the class of beta adrenergic receptor blocker and binds to these receptors on cardiac myocytes. This action results in decrease of heart rate & contractility, which is highly beneficial for the patients. It is also known to decrease peripheral vascular resistance and antihypertensive effect.

Cetrimide is a type of skin disinfectant and antiseptic which is prescribed for wound cleansing & seborrhoeic dermatitis. It is formulated having quaternary ammonium salts including cetrimonium bromide. This is available as an ointment and is used by directly applying to the affected area or as directed by the physician. It also finds its application in the formulation of medicated shampoo and antiseptic liquids.

Chlorpheniramine Maleate is used in the treatment of itching, running nose, watery eyes due to allergy, and common cold. It is an antihistamine agent which works by blocking & reducing the production of histamine made by body during allergic reactions. This compound gets metabolized in the liver via CYP2D6 and gets excreted by kidney. It has the biological half life of about 14 to 43.4 hours with chemical formula C16H19CIN2 and molar mass of 274.79 g/mol.

Chlorpropamide is a medication prescribed for the treatment of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. It belongs to the class of sulfonylurea, which works by releasing insulin by stimulating beta cells of pancreas. This compound has protein binding capacity of about 90% with biological half life of 36 hours. Once gets metabolized, this drug is excreted by tubules of kidney after glomerular filtration. It has melting point range of 126 to 130 degree Celsius with molar mass 276.74 g/mol.

Chlorthalidone is prescribed for the treatment of hypertension and works by lowering the blood pressure. Its mode of action is by preventing the reabsorption of sodium & chloride inhibiting symporter in distal convoluted tubule. This drug is generally consumed orally and has biological half life of about 40 hours. With up to 75% of protein binding capacity, it gets excreted from kidney. It also helps in decreasing swelling and relieves breathing problems caused by fluids in lungs.

Chlorzoxazone is a type of muscle relaxant which is used in the treatment of spasm and to provide relief from pain. It works by depressing reflexes by acting on the spinal cord. This compound gets metabolized in liver with the biological half life of about 1.1 hours. It has chemical formula C7H4CINO2 with the molar mass of 169.565 g/mol. Generally consumed orally, this compound blocks pain sensations between brain & nerves.

Clioquinol belongs to hydroxyquinolines class of drugs that works by inhibiting enzymes related to DNA replication. It has antifungal, antibacterial, & antiprotozoal properties. This medication only has topical use and is utilized in the formulation of creams & lotions. It is prescribed for eczema, athletes foot, and ring worm. This compound is also known to find its application in the treatment of prostate cancer.

Clobetasol Propionate is utilized for skin related problems including eczema, psoriasis, herpes labialis, & lichen sclerosus. It is applied to the affected area as a cream by gently massaging it. This compound has chemical formula C25H32CIFO5 and molar mass of 466.97 g/mol. It is a derivative of prednisolone having high glucocorticoid & low mineralocorticoid activity. This medication is highly appreciated as it rapidly gets absorbed from the skin.

Clopidogrel Bisulphate is prescribed to prevent the chances of heart attack in patients suffering from peripheral vascular disease or cardiovascular disease. It is a type of thienopyridine having antiplatelet activity which alters the platelet receptor for ADP. This medicine is orally consumed and has biological half life of 7 to 8 hours. It gets metabolized in the liver and excreted by kidney & biliary system.

Cyclobenzaprine Hcl is orally administered medicine which is prescribed for the treatment of muscle spasm. It can relieve pain induced in skeletal muscles during acute musculoskeletal conditions. This medicine is known to have the biological half life of about 32 hours and gets excreted by kidney after metabolism. It has chemical formula C20H21N with molar mass of 275.387 g/mol. This drug also finds its effectiveness in the treatment of symptoms of fibromyalgia.

Cyclophosphamide is utilized as a chemotherapy medication with the half life of 3-12 hours. It also finds its use as an immune suppressor in nephritic syndrome & granulomatosis with neuroblastoma. This drug works by forming its metabolite phosphoramide mustard in the cells have low levels of ALDH. It gets metabolized in liver & excreted by kidney, and has very low melting point of 2 degree Celsius.

Cyproheptadine Hcl is an antihistamine agent having anticholinergic, antiserotonergic, and anesthetic properties. It is consumed orally and has excellent protein binding capacity of 96% to 99%. This medication is used to provide relief from various allergic symptoms including itching & watery eyes, hives, sneezing, and running nose. It works by blocking histamine & serotonin in the body. Metabolized in liver it is known to have terminal half life of about 8.6 hours.

Cetirizine Dihydrochloride works by preventing the action of histamine, which is produced in response to bodys reaction to foreign substances. It is a type of second generation antihistamine which acts histamine H1 receptors selective antagonist. This medicine is known to have negligible effects on CNS as it does not have the capability to cross blood brain barrier. It stops the chain reaction of histamine which is involved creating allergic symptoms.

Chlorhexidine Acetate is utilized as a topical antiseptic solution, which appears clear having slightly blue color. It finds its application for disinfecting skin before surgery and also to sterilize surgical instruments. This chemical has structural formula C22H30Cl2N10 and molar mass of 505.446 g/mol. It is also prescribed for cleaning wounds, to prevent dental plaque, and to treat yeast infection of mouth. This compound has melting point range of 134 to 136 degree Celsius.

Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride is a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor which is highly effective against various gram positive & gram negative bacteria. It is utilized in the formulation of antiseptic and dental medications. This chemical works by cation chelating mechanism to disrupt outer membrane of bacteria to produce its bactericidal effect. With the molecular weight of 578.37 g/mol, it has chemical formula C22H30Cl2N10.2HCl. This chemical is soluble in DMSO and should be stored at -20 degree Celsius.

Chlorobutanol Anhydrous is formulated with the addition of chloroform & acetone and the resulting reaction is driven by potassium or sodium hydroxide. It appears as white solid having menthol like odor. This compound is a type of preservative, sedative, local anesthetic, and hypotonic agent. It is also known to have antibacterial & antifungal properties. With the boiling point of 167 degree Celsius, it has molecular weight of 177.45 g/mol.

Chloroquine Phosphate is used in the treatment or prevention of malaria caused by a parasite. It is known to kill the parasites living inside red blood cells. This medicine also find its application for preventing the infection caused by amoebae known as amebiasis. With the chemical formula C18H32CIN3O8P2 and molar mass of 515.865 g/mol, it is also known to have anti-inflammatory properties. This compound works by inhibiting heme polymerase, which converts toxic form of heme into non toxic hemazoin.